ABSTRACT
To compare case based learning with conventional teaching from student's perspective. Cross sectional comparative study. Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from May 2012 to November 2012. A closed ended self-administered questionnaire with twelve questions was prepared and distributed to 427 students of 2[nd] to final year MBBS classes. The responses to the questions were dichotomous either in favour of case based learning or conventional teaching. It included both the genders and all the categories of students from 17 to 23 years of age. Duly filled questionnaires were returned by 397 respondents which were included in the study. Univariate analysis of each question was performed by applying Binomial exact test. Reliability was determined through internal consistency by applying Cronbach's alpha test. A total of 294 [74%] male and 103 [26%] female students with mean age of 19.83 +/- 1.41 years participated in the study. Difference in frequency of respondents was significant for all the questions [p-value < 0.05] except question number 1 and 2. Value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.83 showing high reliability. Case based learning is a preferred instructional strategy as compared to conventional teaching from students' perspective
ABSTRACT
To find the frequency of regular breakfast consumption among Pakistani teenagers while the other objective was to find out the association between breakfast consumers [BC] and intelligence quotient [IQ]. This comparative cross sectional study was conducted on 102 students of a Public School Rawalpindi from August 2013 to January 2014. Participants were categorised into two groups i.e. regular breakfast consumers [RBC] and irregular breakfast consumers [IBC] according to their breakfast habits. A standardized questionnaire of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Childrenwas used for IQ assessment. Data was then entered and analysed in SPSS version 20. Out of the 102 individuals with mean age 17.17 +/- 0.631, 58 [56.9%] were females and 44 [43.1%] were males. There were 63 [61.8%] RBC while 39 [38.2%] were IBC. Among RBC there were 7 [6.9%] in challenged, 5 [4.9%] were below average, 33 [32.4%] in average group, 14 [13.7%] in above average and 4 [3.9%] in gifted group. While among IBC, there was 1 [1%] among the severely challenged, 3 [2.9%] in challenged, 8 [7.8%] in below average, 22 [21.6%] in average group, 4 [3.9%] in above average and 1 [1%] in gifted group. There was no significant association found between breakfast intake and IQ level among students [p=0.98]. More than half of the students were having regular breakfast. There was no significant association found among breakfast consumers and IQ. However the IQ score was more among RBC as compared to IBC